Re: was promotion of Krishnamurti's teaching a big mistake
Jul 21, 2007 04:25 PM
by Pablo Sender
Krishnamurti?s Teachings and Theosophy
Pablo D. Sender
The Theosophist, Dec. 2004
Do J. Krishnamurti?s teachings contradict modern Theosophical teachings? Or do they reflect H.P. Blavatsky?s words and those of her Masters? In fact they complement and shed light on each other. However, there are many who cannot see this connection. Perhaps it would be necessary to investigate certain aspects of both teachings in order to discover their deep similarity. We shall then examine some points from JK?s perspective and also from that of HPB and her Masters.
The Illusion of ?I?
HPB and JK both warn us regarding the illusion of the ?lower self ?, the personality. But, what is that self, that centre with which we identify ourselves and from which generally we act?
HPB says:
. . . the personal self is the creature of its environment and the slave of the physical memory.1
JK reflects:
. . . The observer is the past . . . The continuity is the observer who is the past meeting the present, modifying itself and continuing the present.2
The knowledge of self (kâma-manas, the brain mind) is based on memory and in the past. That which we call ?character? is the result of genetic characteristics, the experiences lived as a result of our contact with the world, family, etc. The individual is conditioned also by culture, climate, food, hormonal functioning and, as occult science tells us, by the tendencies we have been accumulating in our previous lives.
The self is only a product of the past, modifying itself constantly and creating a continuity. The sense of ?I am that who lived the past experiences? is the result of the actions of memory which associates all the changing experiences with an illusory centre having an apparent permanency which is being called ?I?. However, each one of us thinks that he or she is an independent, self-determining entity and not the result of innumerable involuntary influences.
It is kâma-manas, or the lower Ego, which, deluded into a notion of independent existence, as the ?producer? in its turn and the sovereign of the five tanmâtra-s [senses], becomes Egoism, the selfish Self. (HPB)3
Deluded by the sense of being an independent existence, each individual feels he is the ruler, the ?producer? of his personality and is not aware that his personality is the ?product? of the functioning of his senses. This is mâyâ, an illusion, because if we look at the way we live, this ?I? is a centre of the reaction towards diverse influences, it is an illusory entity, another thought that, through memory, generates a sense of continuity.
But this thinking entity is not the Real Self (which according to HPB ?does not think ? it knows?); he who dwells in the Silence of pure Perception, because the thinking faculty acts within the limited acquired elements and in the midst of multiple conditionings. Therefore, the decisions that come out from thought are the result of their influences affecting the personality and have only a secondary value in the spiritual field. This is the reason why JK used to say that choice is part of the movements of the ?I? and that the correct action comes out from a state ?with no option? that comes from another source. But then, what is will? Is it a movement of the ?I?? Is it not a means towards spiritual development?
Will
The way to the supreme does not lie through will, through desire. The supreme can come into being only when the maker of effort is not. When the mind which is put together through desire comes to an end, not through effort, then in that stillness, which is not a goal, reality comes into being. (JK)4
Some individuals become confused when JK questions the validity of the use of will in order to awaken to Reality. Should we not make an effort in order to evolve?
JK says: ?As long as the ?self ? is active and creating a projection, there is no possibility to realize the reality.? And HPB says something similar: ?. . . the Spiritual Ego can act only when the personal Ego is paralysed?.5
Therefore, the consciousness of the self must be ?paralysed? (JK would call the state ?passive alertness?) in order that That may become manifested which is the main principle of Râja Yoga. But we could ask: Is not Will an aspect of the Soul? Sometimes words may lead to some confusion, as often the same word denotes different things in different contexts. Let us first see what is Will and how it differentiates from desire. Often both energies become fused and this may result in losing sight of the way. H. P. Blavatsky as well as the Masters in various passages of their writings define Will as an activity of the fourth principle (kâma, the principle of desire.)
For example, in one of the Mahâtmâ letters we read:
The whole individuality is centred in the three middle or third, fourth and fifth principles [prâna, kâma and manas]. During earthly life it is all in the fourth, the centre of energy, volition ? will. (M)6
J. Krishnamurti challenged strongly the idea of ?spiritualizing? the Will, because he said that what we call Will is nothing more than desire, an ?ego centred will?.
HPB warned about this same aspect: ?most of men live in and by desire, mistaking it for will?. But not always are we aware of this fact. Confusing desire with Will, the individual becomes a slave of the impulses of his kâmic principle thinking that he is developing a ?spiritual will?. The book Light on The Path says: ?Kill out the hunger for growth as the Will, focused on ?spiritual development? is often the product of ambition, a desire for personal greatness, which is an activity of kâma.
We might ask if there exists a personal pure Will, that is, an energy which is not a (personal) activity of kâma. HPB wrote something that can throw light on this matter.
. . . Will and Desire are here considered as opposed. Thus Will is the offspring of the Divine, the God in man; Desire the motive power of the animal life. Most men live in and by desire, mistaking it for Will. But he who would achieve must separate will from desire, and make his will the ruler; for desire is unstable and ever changing, while will is steady and constant . . . His task is twofold: to awaken the will, to strengthen it by use and conquest, to make it absolute ruler within his body; and, parallel with this, to purify desire. (HPB)7
We have here various aspects to be examined. First, HPB postulates that there exists a Will different from what we generally refer to as will, which is nothing else but desire. That Will must become awake as it is not expressed in the majority of us and therefore, is something unknown. What we generally know is desire. We must take this into consideration in order not to confuse this real Will and desire. JK on one occasion said: ?the self-centred will and desire nurture and strengthen the self ?, all of this being against what is required to tread the spiritual way.
HPB also says that Will (in its impersonal aspect) and Desire (personal) are opposites and that we must learn to ?separate will from desire?. How can we identify the spiritual Will from the self-centred will or desire?
A key could be found in what HPB says: ?desire is unstable and ever changing, while will is steady and constant?. Let us refer to a description JK made about this theme that may help us to find its meaning.
We are, most of us at least, creatures of moods and a variety of moods . . . We like this up and down state, we think this movement of moods is part of existence . . . But there are few who are not caught in this movement, who are free from the battle of becoming, so that inwardly there is a steadiness, not of the will, a steadiness that is not cultivated, nor the steadiness of concentrated interest, nor the product of any one these activities. It comes upon one only when the action of will ceases. 8
Here JK is talking about something that we know, our multiple changes of mood that are responsible for the fact that one day we are very energetic, the next day we are indolent; we show interest in ?growing? but fear frustration, etc.
All this type of activity is related with desire and not with Will. Will is a steady force, but tranquil, which does not create any deviation because it is not in search of anything ?visible or audible?. When Will starts expressing itself, the individual remains serene performing the diverse activities in life without inner struggle but with the softness that is the outcome of the understanding. Will is not struggle; desire or self-centred will is struggle. However, JK as well as HPB say that it is possible to get out from this instability and to attain an inner steadiness. But the awakening of the spiritual Will will take place when the self-centred will or desire ceases. As we have seen: ?Will and Desire are opposed.?
Some people think that if they become entities without desire, without ambition, they might fall into a vegetative state and this perhaps may be true for those who are not treading the spiritual path. But for those who are trying to tread this path, there exists a much greater energy behind our self-centred will waiting to appear as soon as it is being allowed to do so. We have to let this go in order to allow that to come.
To discover reality we must move towards that which will stop the activities of the self. The question then arises: ?How can desire or self-centred will cease??
It is obvious that spiritual perception is not needed in order to go beyond thought, will and the other activities pertaining to kâma-manas. JK says that ?when there is an awareness of all this, then the real miracle takes place, the cessation of will?.
Beyond Thought
Once J. Krishnamurti said:
We have used thought in order to discover Truth, but Truth can only be discovered when the mind is totally empty.
The process of thinking is the product of the activity of kâma-manas (also referred to as lower manas) and we must understand that the kâma-manasic con-science cannot perceive that which is out of the ?material? perimeter. It can think about the spiritual; talk about it and consider it as a logical possibility, but it can never perceive it fully. This is explained by H. P. Blavatsky as follows:
Since manas, in its lower aspect, is the seat of the terrestrial mind, it can, therefore, give only that perception of the Universe which is based on the evidence of that mind; it cannot give spiritual vision. (HPB)9
Self-knowledge of this kind is unattainable by what men usually call ?self-analysis?. It is not reached by reasoning or any brain process; for it is the awakening to consciousness of the Divine nature of man. (HPB)10
The spiritual vision will not come through any activity of the lower manas, our brain conscience. In order to be able to perceive Reality, the human being must go beyond his ordinary state of conscience, he must ?awaken to the consciousness of the Divine Nature in man?. This divine consciousness is unitive, not dualistic. Patañjali?s commentaries on the Yoga-sutra-s indicate that as long as duality between the knower and the known exists, spiritual perception is not possible and JK and HPB and her Masters postulate the same: in order to discover truth, the psychological ego (which creates duality) must cease.
After all, the thinker is part of thought, is he not? There is no thinker if there is no thought, but we have divided the thinker from the thought . . . Now, as long as there is the thinker separate from thought, there must be conflict, the process of duality. (JK)11
And, so long as the contrast of Subject and Object endures . . . so long will it be impossible for the personal Ego to break through the barrier which separates it from a knowledge of things in them-selves . . . (HPB)12
The Real Knowledge here spoken of is not a mental but a spiritual state, implying full union between the Knower and the Known. (M)13
Therefore, taking into account the dualistic activity of thought and its incapacity to reach the Real, it is obvious that what is needed is to go beyond thought. But, does there exist in the human being the possibility of having a vision that can transcend thought?
Theosophy talks about this possibility and that is what JK calls ?insight? and HPB ?spiritual intuition? or buddhi.
Only those who realize how far Intuition soars above the tardy processes of ratiocinative thought can form the faintest conception of that absolute Wisdom which transcends the ideas of Time and Space. (HPB)14
The Spiritual ego reflects no varying states of consciousness; is independent of all sensation (experience): it does not think ? it KNOWS, by an intuitive process only faintly conceivable by the average man. (HPB)15
Therefore, we must investigate deeply what are the conditions that make possible the outcome of this intuition.
I do not know if you have noticed that there is understanding when the mind is very quiet, even for a second; there is the flash of understanding when the verbalization of thought is not. Just experiment with it and you will see for yourself that you have the flash of understanding, that extraordinary rapidity of insight, when the mind is very still, when thought is absent . . . (JK)16
It is upon the serene and placid surface of the unruffled mind that the visions gathered from the invisible find a representation in the visible world. Otherwise you would vainly seek those visions, those flashes of sudden light which have already helped to solve so many of the minor problems and which alone can bring the truth before the eye of the soul. It is with jealous care that we have to guard our mind-plane from all the adverse influences which daily arise in our passage through earth-life. (KH)17
HPB and her Masters as well as JK are encouraging us to discover how to realize that state of Wisdom which is beyond what is merely human, that state of Theos-Sophia or Divine Wisdom. Perhaps our task as aspirants to become Theosophists would be to keep that always in mind; what tools do we have available? What should be our attitude to- wards the possibility of realizing that state?
The subject is very complex and has various aspects which cannot be totally covered in an article or even in a series of articles. We shall only give some general references which we found in JK?s teachings and in the Theosophical literature which can point out the way to be followed.
As physical man, limited and trammelled from every side by illusions, cannot reach truth by the light of his terrestrial perceptions, we say ? develop in you the inner knowledge. . . . Man has to know himself, i.e., acquire the inner perceptions which never deceive, before he can master any absolute truth. Absolute truth is the symbol of Eternity, and no finite mind can ever grasp the eternal. (HPB)18
When the individual consciousness is turned inward, a conjunction of manas and buddhi takes place. In the spiritually regenerated man this conjunction is permanent, the Higher Manas clinging to Buddhi . . . (HPB) 19
In man the mind can be in two alternative states: the personal and conditioned ?kâma-manas, or the spiritually illuminated state ? buddhi-manas. What is that which can open the door to that spiritual perception? HPB says that we have to develop the ?inner knowledge?. In the majority of us consciousness is directed outwards; we are partially conscious of the things we do, but we are not conscious of what is going on inside ourselves during the action; we do not perceive that centre which is acting, judging, thinking, reacting, etc. On the other hand we have read that in order to attain spiritual perception the brain-mind has to cease. These two questions are very much related because as JK has written, it is only through a deep self-observation, through understanding of ourselves that the mind starts to become quiet.
Only in understanding ourselves does the mind become quiet, and without under-standing ourselves, the tranquillity of the mind is not possible. When the mind is quiet, not made quiet through discipline ? when the mind is not controlled, not encased in condemnation and resistance, but is spontaneously still ? only then is it possible to find out what is true and what is beyond the projections of the mind. 20
This observation is not another activity of thought, of kâma-manas. As it is mentioned in the last quotation from HPB, the fact that the mânasic perception is led towards the centre, it starts producing the conjunction with buddhi, and this is what creates the silence in the mind. Let us see this fact in a more detailed way. HPB says that when we fix the attention not only towards the external, but towards the perception we have of the facts and what we do, the manasic consciousness finds itself in its highest state.
(The seventh state is) Spiritual, entirely conscious apperception; because it reaches the Higher, self-conscious Manas. Apperception means self-perception, conscious action . . . when attention is fixed on the perception. (HPB)21
Why is this state the highest state of manas? Because in this type of self-observation, the kâma-manasic self is not any more the one which observes and judges, but that which is being observed. We could ask: if this observation does not come from the ?I?, where does it come from? The observation takes place without an observing centre; it comes from that which is impersonal. When this happens, the duality generated by the ?I? ceases and there is no dual perception but that of the silence of the pure perception, or buddhi.
For, in the act of self-analysis [self-observation], the Mind becomes in its turn an object [of perception] to the spiritual consciousness. It is the overshadowing of the Mind by Buddhi which results in the ul-timate realization of existence ? i.e., self- consciousness in its purest form. (HPB) 22
Conclusion
We have read that by means of a life in that state of conscious action (not negligent or mechanical), and with a deep attention to the way the ?I? responds to things, self-knowledge appears to open a possibility for that action which is not of the personality, to take place, with that strength which is not ego-centred will, that embracing perception which is not of the brain mind.
It is through this perception (holistic, silent and alert) that we can start to ?see the lower self in the light of the Higher? as HPB suggested, because it is there where in a non-conceptual way, the ?I? is seen as an illusion, and that our real being is not all that activity of thinking and feeling.
What is the state of pure observation which is not of the mind? What qualities does it have? HPB gave important indications and universal principles about this subject although she did not give a detailed description, but fortunately, JK gave much attention to this aspect. We could even say that this has been his main work. He did not talk much about the macrocosmic aspects, something that had been sufficiently delineated by HPB and her Masters, but JK dedicated his life to show patiently and with great intelligence and depth this other aspect of the work towards developing the state of Divine Wisdom (Theos-Sophia).
Therefore JK?s teachings do not oppose Theosophical teachings but they are an integral part of them because Theosophical work involves two aspects: the philosophic- metaphysical and the experimental-psychological. If we only touch the first one, then Theosophy is being presented as a theory and not related to life and it does not offer tools for self-transformation. If, on the contrary, we give our attention only to the psychological task, then the mind remains enclosed within circles which are difficult to break and so, the mind being self-centred, loses the universal transcendent perspective of life.
In creating an equilibrium between these two fields of work we find the way that leads towards the development of that Theos-Sophia, and if we learn to build a bridge between them, probably it will appear in us as a deeper vision in regard to the spiritual regeneration of humanity which is the real objective of Theosophy.
References
1. The Key to Theosophy, Section 8, ?Why Do We Not Remember Our Past Lives??
2. The Way of Intelligence, chap. 4, Part 3, ?The Nature of a Religious Life?, p.137-8.
3. The Secret Doctrine, vol. V, p. 494, ?The Philosophical Rationale of the Tenet?, TPH, Adyar.
4. Commentaries on Living, Series I, chap. 78, ?Stillness and Will?.
5. The Key to Theosophy, Section 8, ?Why Do We Not Remember Our Past Lives??
6. The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett, No. 13(44), January 1882.
7. Collected Writings, vol. VIII, p.109, ?Will and Desire?.
8. Krishnamurti, Biography, Pupul Jayakar, chap. XXIII.
9. The Key to Theosophy, Section 9, ?On Post-Mortem and Post-Natal Consciousness?.
10. Collected Writings, vol. VIII, p.108, ?Self-Knowledge?.
11. The Collected Writings, vol. IX, ?The Answer is in The Problem?, Madras, 5th Public Talk.
12. The Secret Doctrine, vol. II, ?Primordial Substance and Divine Thought?.
13.The Mahatma Letters to A.P. Sinnett, No. 69(69)
14. The Secret Doctrine, vol. II, ?Proem? (first footnote).
15. Collected Writings, vol.VIII, p. 96, ?Modern Idealism, Worse than Materialism?.
16. The Collected Writings, vol.V, Banaras, 5th Public Talk, 20 February 1949.
17. The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett, No.11(65).
18. Collected Writings, vol. IX, p. 39, ?What is Truth??
19. The Secret Doctrine, vol. V, p. 438, Paper 2, TPH, Adyar.
20. The Collected Writings, vol. VI, Paris, 5th Public Talk, 7 May 1950.
21. The Secret Doctrine, vol.V, p. 548-9, ?Consciousness, its Seven Scales?, TPH, Adyar.
22. Collected Writings, vol.VIII, p. 96, ?Modern Idealism, Worse than Materialism?.
---------------------------------
Preguntá. Respondé. Descubrí.
Todo lo que querías saber, y lo que ni imaginabas,
está en Yahoo! Respuestas (Beta).
¡Probalo ya!
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
[Back to Top]
Theosophy World:
Dedicated to the Theosophical Philosophy and its Practical Application
